Synthesis and characterization of luminescent polyethers with 2,5‐distyrylthiophene and aromatic oxadiazole chromophores

Two new luminescent copolyethers ( P1 and P2 ) with isolated 2,5‐distyrylthiophene‐emitting segments and electron‐transporting 2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole chromophores were successfully synthesized by the Horner–Wadworth–Emmons reaction. The solubility, optical, and electrochemical properties of the polymers were investigated and correlated with nonlinear thiophene and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole groups. P2 with pendant 1,3,4‐oxadiazole was soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and C₂H₂Cl₄. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the copolyethers were thermally stable below 345 °C, with glass‐transition temperatures higher than 110 °C. They were yellow‐greenish emitting materials with a band gap of 2.57–2.58 eV estimated from the onset absorption. Incorporating the thiophene moiety narrowed the band gaps of the copolyethers. The photophysical and electronic properties of the polymer and the preliminary electroluminescent device made from the polymer demonstrate that the polymer may be a potential candidate material for the fabrication of polymeric light‐emitting devices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2927–2936, 2002     

Controlling multivalent interactions in triply-threaded two-component superbundles

We have investigated the (1)H NMR spectra, the absorption spectra, the fluorescence spectra and decays, and the electrochemical properties of i). a tritopic receptor in which three benzo[24]crown-8 macrorings are fused onto a triphenylene core, ii). a trifurcated trication wherein three dibenzylammonium ions are linked 1,3,5 to a central benzenoid core, and iii). their 1:1 adduct which constitutes a triply-threaded, two-component supramolecular bundle. X-Ray crystallography has established the precise geometry of this paucivalent recognition motif in the solid state. In addition to [N(+)-H...O] hydrogen bonding and [C-H...O] interactions between the NH(2) (+) centers on the three dibenzylammonium ion containing arms of the trication and the three crown ether rings in the tritopic receptor, there is a stabilizing [pi...pi] stacking interaction between the two aromatic cores. Mass spectrometry and (1)H NMR spectroscopy have confirmed the integrity of the 1:1 adduct beyond the solid state, provided the solvents are relatively apolar (e.g., chloroform and acetonitrile). The intense fluorescence emissions of the two recognition components are quenched upon association with the concomitant appearance of a lower energy, broad fluorescence band originating from the pi-pi stacking in the 1:1 adduct of the aromatic cores in the two matching components. Titration experiments, including Job plots, establish the 1:1 stoichiometry of the adduct, an observation which is also confirmed by electrochemical experiments. The electrochemical results show that, both in the tritopic receptor and in the superbundle itself, the first oxidation process is associated with the hexaalkoxytriphenylene core. The successive oxidation processes of the peripheral dioxybenzene units are affected by charge-transfer interactions in the tritopic receptor, whereas, in the superbundle, such units are not interacting. In acetonitrile solution, dethreading/rethreading of the 1:1 adduct can be controlled quantitatively by addition of base and acid. Dethreading and rethreading is also observed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy when dimethylsulfoxide is added to a solution of the 1:1 adduct in equal volumes of acetonitrile and chloroform. A trifurcated trication where methyl groups are located on the para positions of the three dibenzylammonium ions, which are linked 1,3,5 to the neutral benzenoid core, has been employed to demonstrate that dethreading of the 1:1 adduct involves doubly-threaded and singly-threaded species, that is, the paucivalent site is dismembered in a sequence of logical steps involving stable intermediates. This molecular recognition system is a rare example of a supramolecular entity based on a cooperative binding motif that can be switched on and off by chemical means.     

新氮杂冠醚衍生物稀土硝酸盐配合物的制备、表征及荧光性质

通过N3O2大环化合物1，12，15-三氮杂-3，4：9，10-二苯-5，8-二氧杂环十七烷(以下简称为L)与乙酸酐、苯甲酰氯、邻苯二甲酸酐在吡啶介质中反应，合成了N，N’，N”-三乙酰(L^1)、N，N’，N”-三(2-羧基)苯甲酰(L2)、N，N’，N”-三苯甲酰(L3)N3O2大环配体，并制备了L^1的Sm，Eu，Tb，Dy稀土硝酸盐的配合物。通过元素分析、摩尔电导、热分析、红外的测定对配合物进行了表征。结果表明，L^1母体环上的醚氧、酰胺氮均没有参与对稀土离子的配位，并推测了配合物的可能组成。室温下研究了配合物的固体荧光光谱，固态时的配合物(除Sm^3 配合物外)均有较强荧光，其中Tb^3 配合物的荧光强度最高，表明配体三重态的能量与Tb^3 的振动能级更为匹配。在Eu^3 的配合物中，强度比η(^5Do→^7F2/Do→^7F1)=3．7，表明Eu^3 处于一非对称配位环境中。     

Electroluminescent copolymers based on dihexylfluorene and 2‐{2,6‐bis[2‐(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]pyran‐4‐ylidene}malononitrile units

A series of statistical copolymers (poly[(9,9‐di‐n‐hexylfluorene)‐co‐2‐{2,6‐bis‐[2‐(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]pyran‐4‐ylidene}malononitrile) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The copolymers showed absorption bands at 379 and 483–489 nm, which were attributed to the oligofluorene segments and the segments containing 2‐[2,6‐bis(2‐{4‐[(4‐bromophenyl)phenylamino]phenyl}vinyl)pyran‐4‐ylidene]malononitrile ( 3 ), respectively. The absorption band around 483–489 nm increased with the feed ratio of 3 . The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the copolymers showed emission bands at 420 and 573–620 nm. As the feed ratio of 3 increased, the PL emission in the longer wavelength region redshifted, and the intensity increased as well. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the copolymers showed a very weak emission at 420 nm. The PL and EL emission colors redshifted dramatically with the increase in the feed ratio of 3 . The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of the model compound (2‐{2,6‐bis[2‐(4‐diphenylaminophenyl)vinyl]pyran‐4‐ylidene}malononitrile) were determined to be ?5.34 and ?3.14 eV, respectively. It was concluded that energy transfer took place from the oligofluorene blocks to the segments containing 3 and that direct charge trapping occurred in the segments containing 3 during the EL operation. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the copolymer (x = 0.63, y = 0.37) containing 10 mol % 3 were very close to those (x = 0.67, y = 0.33) for National Television System Committee (NTSC) red with a maximum photometric power efficiency of 0.27 cd/A. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3729–3737, 2006     

活性铽三元荧光配合物的合成、表征及性能研究

本文以对甲基苯甲酸、对氨基苯甲酸、磺基水杨酸、大茴香酸、间氯苯甲酸为第一配体,丙烯腈为活性配体,合成了五种新的铽芳香羧酸丙烯腈三元配合物。通过元素分析,EDTA配位滴定分析,热分析,红外、紫外、荧光光谱分析对目标配合物的组成、结构进行了表征,并研究了它们的发光性能。结果表明,五种新的活性铽三元配合物均具有良好的发光性能,各芳香羧酸向铽离子传递光能的动力为:大茴香酸>对甲基苯甲酸>间氯苯甲酸>磺基水杨酸>对氨基苯甲酸,将这些含活性配体丙烯腈的发光铽配合物引入高分子化合物中可望合成出键合型铽高分子发光材料。     

Energy transfer in luminescent complexes of EuIII and TbIII with homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid and alkyl methacrylates

The influence of the composition and structure of a macromolecular ligand on the efficiency of energy transfer in complexes of Eu^III and Tb^III with ligands based on acrylic acid has been studied. It has been found that a decrease in the size of an alkyl group of methacrylic esters and a low content of acrylic moieties of Eu^III complexes with copolymers increase the efficiency of Eu^III concentration quenching. Insertion of noncoordinative alkyl methacrylate into the polymeric chain results in an increase in the efficiency of energy transfer from Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Klrimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1425–1428, June, 1996.     

ZnS∶Er电致发光中SiO_2与ZnS电子加速能力的比较

在分层优化结构和固态阴极射线发光中,从电极注入的电子经电子加速层加速后获得更高能量成为过热电子,过热电子碰撞激发发光中心引起发光,其中SiO2在提高过热电子的能量方面有非常重要的作用。ZnS作为电子加速层时,也发现了固态阴极射线发光,但其发光的亮度及稳定性都不及SiO2作为电子加速层的器件。通过比较ZnS∶Er在正弦交流电驱动下的正负半周内的亮度变化,得出ZnS与SiO2的电子加速能力的相对大小。实验结果表明:SiO2的电子加速能力是ZnS的2.18倍。     

Luminescence Behavior of Polynuclear Alkynylcopper(I) Phosphines

A series of soluble trinuclear and tetranuclear copper(I) complexes containing ₃-^l acetylides , and have been synthesized and shown to exhibit rich photoluminescent behavior at room temperature. The electrochemistry of the trinuclear Cu(I) acetylide complexes and the excited-state redox properties of have been investigated. The X-ray crystal structures of and have been determined.     

Classification of edible and lampante virgin olive oil based on synchronous fluorescence and total luminescence spectroscopy

Total luminescence and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopies were tested as regards their ability to differentiate edible from lampante virgin olive oils. Total luminescence spectra were recorded by measuring the emission spectra in the range 350-720 nm at excitation wavelengths from 320 to 535 nm. The synchronous fluorescence spectra of 41 edible and 32 lampante virgin olive oils were acquired by synchronous scanning the excitation and emission monochromator maintained at an offset value of 80 nm. Classification of virgin olive oils based on their synchronous fluorescence spectra was performed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis using the spectral range of 429-545 nm. Principal component analysis provided better discrimination between the two classes, without any classification error, while hierarchical cluster analysis allowed 97.3% correct classification. These results indicate the capability of fluorescence techniques to differentiate virgin olive oils according to their quality.     

Dynamical processes in sol-gel derived rare-earth doped glasses

We have investigated the dynamical processes of rare-earth photoluminescence in silica glasses produced by the sol-gel method. Generally, static spectroscopic properties are used as a tool to probe the local structure near dopants as well as for the study of glass formation. Rare earth ions are preferred structural probes, especially the Eu³⁺ ion for its sensitivity to local structural modifications and its spectroscopic simplicity. By an analysis of the decaying emission that follows a pulsed laser excitation, we have studied several dynamical processes. Importance of a distribution of different environments for the dopant is clearly seen even for the wet gels. The evolution of the lifetimes allow to study the densification process.